How Filthy Were the Ancient Romans?
Ancient Rome's baths, toilets, and sewers rarely improved sanitation. In most cases, they made things far, far worse.

Alexander Meddings is a professional copywriter and postgraduate in Roman history from the University of Oxford. After graduating with his MPhil, he moved to Florence and then Rome to carry out his research on the ground and pursue his passion at the source. He now works in travel, as a writer and content consultant, and in education as a university lecturer and translator.

Ancient Rome's baths, toilets, and sewers rarely improved sanitation. In most cases, they made things far, far worse.

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